The Sociological view of socialization cannot be attributed to any single individual but rather has been developed as a result of the work of many. Some of the more important individuals who have contributed to the sociological view are; Charles H. Cooley, Emile Durkheim, Goerge Herbert Mead, Jean Piaget, and many others.
Instincts
A genetically transmitted, complex behavorial pattern which occurs through out an entire species.
Example: The Migration behavior of Mornach butterflies
Drives
An internal (not learned) force or compulsion which motivates individuals to engage in behaviors which will reduce the need generated by the drive. A drive will result in a rather generalized behavior and the exact behaviorialresponse to the drive will vary considerably among various individuals and various indivuals and various cultures
Examples: Sex and Hunger
Human Beings do not have instincts.
Socialization
The process through which the individual acquires culture, (knowledge, value, etc.). The socialization process is the way through which an individual learns as a result of interaction w/ the environment.
Deliberate Socialization
Refers to the socialization process when there exists a deliberate and purposeful intent to convey values, attitudes, knowledge, skill, etc. (culture).
Examples of Deliberate Socialization
a) School situation
b) Parents telling a child to always say "please."
Unconscious Socialization:
Socialization which occurs as a result of spontaneous interaction w/no purposeful or deliberate attempt on the part of anyone involved to train, educate, etc.
Example of Unconscious Socialization:
The child learning to use vulgarity in a frustrating traffic situation by observing parents.
Aims of Socialization:
1. To instill disciplines
Ex. Don't walk in front of a moving car
2. To develop aspirations and ambitions
Ex. I want to be a nun, rock star, great sociologist.
3. to develop skills
Ex. Reading, drving, etc.
4. To enable the acquisition of social roles
Ex. Male, student, etc.
Charles Horton Cooley's theory:
" The Looking-Glass Self"
The behavior of ohters toward him is the mirror in which the individual sees himself.
George Herbert Mead's theory of Personality:
a) Personality develops as a result of socialization which takes place via social interaction.
b) An individual must be able to step outside of them selves and see themselves fromt he view of others-
"Taking the role of other."
c) The "self " (personality) develops by internalizing the norms of one's society.
d) The "Generalized-Other" consists of a composite of all those who contribute and participate in one's society. (Control behavior later on).
e) The "Significant-Other" are those with whom the individual has an "important" relationship.
f) Mead's "I" is that part of the "self" which is spontaneous.
g) Mead's "ME" is that part of the "self" which comes about as a result of the individual's internalization of society's values and behavior expectations.
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